1.1.7.2 Terrestrial species and communities

Clarence Lowlands (CL)

Low stepped hills and plains, with hillier areas in west and south. Beach, dune and lagoon barrier systems and estuarine fills along the main streams.

Dry sclerophyll forests and woodlands of spotted gum (Corymbia maculate), grey gum (Eucalyptus punctata), blackbutt, (E. pilularis), red bloodwood (Corymbia gummifera) and white mahogany (Eucalyptus acmenoides) in the hills. Numerous wetlands.

Clarence Sandstones (CS)

Low to steep stony hillsides on sandstone to the steep gorges and rocky escarpments and outcrops.

Dry sclerophyll forests and woodlands of spotted gum (Corymbia maculate), grey gum (Eucalyptus punctata) blackbutt (E. pilularis), bloodwood (Corymbia gummifera and C. intermedia), needlebark (Eucaptus planchoniana), stringybark (E. Caliginosa), ironbark (E. crebra) and white mahogany (E acmenoides). Areas of listed old growth forests.

Woodenbong (W)

Hilly, basalt ridges and plateau remnants; outer sections of Mount Warning caldera slopes.

Rainforests on basalt as for Richmond-Tweed, including Antarctic beech (Nothofagus moorei). Wet and dry sclerophyll, including New England blackbutt (Eucalyptus campanulata), red bloodwood (Corymbia gummifera) and tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys) on sedimentary rocks.

Scenic Rim (SR)

(now listed as Richmond-Tweed (R-T) in the New South Wales section)

Dissected volcanic caldera with central plug of Mount Warning. Basement rocks exposed around the plug and an outer rim of volcanic flows with well-developed radial drainage pattern. Steep slopes and relief of 1100 m.

Subtropical and warm temperate rainforests and wet sclerophyll forests including; black booyong (Argyrodendron actinophyllum), white booyong (A. trifoliolatum), hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii), bangalow palm (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana), rough tree fern (Cyathea australis), Australian cedar (Toona ciliate), teak (Tectona grandis), white mahogany (Eucalyptus acmenoides, small-fruited grey gum (E. propinqua), tallowwood (E. microcorys) and Sydney blue gum (E. saligna). Contains World Heritage listed Gondwana Rainforests of Australia.

Moreton Basin (MB)

Flat alluvial plains and low hills and ranges leading up to the steep escarpment of the Great Dividing Range.

Much of the area has been cleared for agriculture and rural landscapes. Some large tracts of dry sclerophyll open forests and woodlands scattered throughout with spotted gum (Corymbia maculate), lemon-scented gum (C. citriodora) and narrow-leaved ironbark (Eucalyptus crebra) and occasionally Queensland peppermint (E. exserta) and grey box (E. microcarpa) present in scattered patches or low densities. The understorey is usually grassy.

Freshwater wetlands on coastal floodplains

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■

■

Not listed

Coastal area subject to periodic flooding and standing water in low lying areas on alluvial flats dominated by herbaceous plants depending on water regime.

Subtropical Coastal Floodplain Forest

■

■

■

Not listed

Subtropical tall open forest occupying central and marginal sections of floodplain, dominated by forest red gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis), grey ironbark (E. siderophloia), pink bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia) and, north of the Macleay floodplain, swamp turpentine (Lophostemon suaveolens).

Coastal Cypress Pine forest

■

Not listed

Closed to open canopy of coastal cypress pine (Callitris columellaris), which may sometimes be mixed with eucalypts such as pink bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia), blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) or scribbly gum (E. signata), wattles including Salwood (Acacia disparrima subsp. disparrima) and also black she-oak (Allocasuarina littoralis), coast banksia (Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia) or old-man banksia (B. serrata) and/or rainforest trees. The understorey of shrubs, sedges and herbs is typically open to sparse.

Coastal Saltmarsh

■

Not listed

Coastal saltmarsh occurs in the intertidal zone on estuary and lagoon shores intermittently open to the sea and include plants like Baumea juncea, sea rush (Juncus krausii subsp. australiensis), samphire (Sarcocornia quinqueflora subsp. quinqueflora), marine couch (Sporobolus virginicus), streaked arrowgrass (Triglochin striata), knobby club-rush (Ficinia nodosa), creeping brookweed (Samolus repens), swamp weed (Selliera radicans), seablite (Suaeda australis) and prickly couch (Zoysia macrantha).

Grey Box-Grey Gum Wet Sclerophyll Forest

■

Not listed

Tall open tree canopy of eucalypts grey box (Eucalyptus moluccana) and small-fruited grey gum (Eucalyptus propinqua) and, less commonly Eucalyptus biturbinata, grey ironbark (Eucalyptus siderophloia) and hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii). Structurally complex understorey including rainforest trees and shrubs, vines, ferns and herbs.

Littoral Rainforest and Coastal Vine Thickets

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■

■

■

Critically Endangered

Closed canopy of trees, shrubs, vines, herbs, ferns and epiphytes with some Araucaria, Eucalyptus or Banksia emergents possible. Ground stratum is sparse. Located as disjunct and isolated stands close to the coast or near an estuary.

Lowland Rainforest

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■

■

■

■

■

Critically Endangered

Closed canopy subtropical rainforest. High diversity and species richness between regions and stands. Canopy comprised of a range of tree species however a particular species may dominate e.g. palm forest, usually dominated by bangalow palm (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana) or cabbage palm (Livistona australis); and riparian areas dominated by Syzygium floribundum (syn. Waterhousea floribunda) (weeping satinash/weeping lilly pilly). Canopy and subcanopy species (including emergents) can include hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii), figs (Ficus spp.), white booyong (Argyrodendron trifoliolatum/Heritiera trifoliolata), black bean (Castanospermum australe), white walnut (Cryptocarya obovata, pepperberry), giant stinging tree (Dendrocnide excelsa), native tamarind (Diploglottis australis), rosewood (Dysoxylum fraserianum), red bean (Dysoxylum mollissimum), green tamarind (Elattostachys nervosa), hairy walnut (Endiandra pubens), bumpy ash (Flindersia schottiana, cudgerie, silver ash), white beech (Gmelina leichhardtii), bolly gum (Neolitsea australiensis), white bolly gum (Neolitsea dealbata), maidens blush (Sloanea australis), yellow carabeen (Sloanea woollsii), red cedar (Toona ciliata), and epiphytes such as Platycerium spp. and birds nest fern (Asplenium australasicum).

Lowland Rainforest on Floodplain

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■

Critically Endangered

Stands can form a dense canopy with a rich diversity of plants and animals with riparian areas dominated by weeping satinash/weeping lilly pilly (Syzygium floribundum syn. Waterhousea floribunda). Typical tree species in the community include hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii), figs (Ficus macrophylla, F. obliqua and F. watkinsiana), black booyong (Heritiera actinophylla), white booyong (Heritiera trifoliolata), giant stinging tree (Dendrocnide excelsa), palms (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana and Livistona australis), silky oak (Grevillea robusta), black bean (Castanospermum australe) and brush cherry (Syzygium australe).

Montane Peatlands and Swamps of the New England Tableland

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Endangered

Dense groundcover of sedges, grasses and forbs, except where a dense cover of tall shrubs casts deep shade. The community typically has an open to very sparse layer of shrubs, 1 to 5 m tall, (eg. Baeckea gunniana, B. utilis, Callistemon pityoides, Leptospermum spp.). Species of Epacris and Hakea microcarpa are also common shrubs. Soft-leaved species of Carex spp and Poa spp typically make up most of the groundcover biomass, Forbs growing amongst the sedges include Drosera spp., Geranium neglectum, Gratiola spp., Mitrasacme serpyllifolia, Ranunculus spp. and Viola spp. Hummocks of Sphagnum moss may occur.

Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains

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■

Not listed

Open to dense stand of eucalypts and paperbarks. The most widespread and abundant dominant trees include swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta), broad-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia). Other species associated with this community include swamp oak (Casuarina glauca), red mahogany (Eucalyptus resinifera), forest red gum (E. tereticornis), pink bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia), swamp box (Lophostemon suaveolens)

White Box Yellow Box Blakely’s Red Gum Grassy Woodland and Derived Native Grassland

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Critically Endangered

Can occur either as woodland or derived native grassland (i.e. grassy woodland where the tree overstorey has been removed). Characterised by species-rich understorey of native tussock grasses, herbs and scattered shrubs (where shrub cover comprises less than 30% cover), and a dominance or prior dominance of white box (Eucalyptus albens) and/or yellow box (E. melliodora) and/or Blakely's red gum (E. blakelyi) trees.

White Gum Moist Forest

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■

Not listed

Tall moist open forest scattered in sheltered positions on foothills and ranges. Dominant species is Dunn's white gum (Eucalyptus dunnii) with flooded gum (E. grandis), Sydney blue gum (E. saligna), tallowwood (E. microcorys), brush box (Lophostemon confertus)

Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla dominant and sub-dominant)

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Endangered

Acacia harpophylla open forest on sedimentary rocks. Can appear with Casuarina cristata and vine thicket species

Swamp Tea-tree (Melaleuca irbyana) Forest

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Critically Endangered

Occurs as an open forest or thicket or scattered under open forest or woodland of narrow-leaved ironbark (Eucalyptus crebra), silver-leaved ironbark (E. melanophloia), grey box (E.moluccana), forest red gum (E. tereticornis) and spotted gum (Corymbia citriodora).

Clarence Lowlands

Fauna

Flora

8

10

21

2

29

12

Clarence Sandstones

Fauna

Flora

9

29

54

22

63

51

Richmond-Tweed

Fauna

Flora

17

37

15

32

37

Woodenbong

Fauna

Flora

7

18

16

8

23

26

South-east Queensland

Fauna

Flora

24

48

51

95

75

143

Bird

(only endangered shown)

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■

Little tern (Sternula albifrons)

E,P

C,J,K

■

■

Curlew sandpiper (Calidris ferruginea)

E,P

C,J,K

■

■

■

■

Australasian bittern (Botaurus poiciloptilus)

E,P

E

■

■

■

Eastern bristlebird (Dasyornis brachypterus)

E,P

E

■

■

■

Australian painted snipe (Rostratula australis)

E,P

E

■

■

■

■

■

Black-Necked stork (Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus)

E,P

■

■

■

Bush stone-curlew (Burhinus grallarius)

E,P

■

■

Pied oystercatcher (Haematopus longirostris)

E,P

■

■

■

■

■

Swift parrot (Lathamus discolour)

E,P

E

■

■

■

■

■

■

Regent honeyeater (Anthochaera phrygia)

E E

■

■

■

■

■

■

Coxen's fig-parrot (Cyclopsitta diophthalma coxeni)

E E

■

■

■

■

Red goshawk (Erythrotriorchis radiates)

E V

Mammal

■

■

■

■

Hastings river mouse (Pseudomys oralis)

E,P

E

■

■

■

■

■

■

Brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata)

E,P

V

■

■

■

■

■

■

Black-striped wallaby (Macropus dorsalis)

E,P

■

■

■

■

■

■

Spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus)

V,P

E

■

■

■

■

■

■

Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)

V,P

V

■

■

■

■

■

■

Grey-Headed flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus)

V,P

V

■

■

■

■

■

■

Large-Eared pied bat (Chalinolobus dwyeri)

V,P

V

■

■

■

■

■

■

Long-Nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus)

V,P

V

■

■

■

■

■

■

Brush-Tailed phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa)

V,P

■

■

■

■

■

■

Common planigale (Planigale maculata)

V,P

■

■

■

■

■

■

Yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis)

V,P

■

■

■

■

■

■

Squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis)

V,P

■

■

■

■

■

■

Rufous bettong (Aepyprymnus rufescens)

V,P

■

■

■

■

Parma wallaby (Macropus parma)

V,P

■

■

■

Common blossom-bat (Syconycteris australis)

V,P

■

■

■

■

■

■

Yellow-bellied sheathtail-bat (Saccolaimus flaviventris)

V,P

■

■

■

■

■

Beccari's freetail-bat (Mormopterus beccarii)

V,P

■

■

■

■

■

■

Eastern freetail-bat (Mormopterus norfolkensis)

V,P

■

■

■

■

■

■

Hoary wattled bat (Chalinolobus nigrogriseus)

V,P

■

■

■

■

■

■

Eastern false pipistrelle (Falsistrellus tasmaniensis)

V,P

■

■

■

■

■

Golden-tipped bat (Kerivoula papuensis)

V,P

■

■

■

■

■

■

Little bentwing-bat (Miniopterus australis)

V

■

■

■

■

■

■

Eastern bentwing-bat (Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis)

V,P

■

■

■

■

Southern myotis (Myotis macropus)

V,P

■

■

■

■

■

■

Greater broad-nosed bat (Scoteanax rueppellii)

V,P

■

■

■

■

■

■

Eastern cave bat (Vespadelus troughtoni)

V,P

■

■

■

■

■

■

Eastern chestnut mouse (Pseudomys gracilicaudatus)

V,P

■

■

■

■

Eastern pygmy-possum (Cercartetus nanus)

V,P

■

■

■

■

Eastern tube-nosed bat (Nyctimene robinsoni)

V,P

■

■

■

■

Eastern long-eared bat (Nyctophilus bifax)

V,P

■

■

■

■

Red-Legged pademelon (Thylogale stigmatica)

V

V

■

Plains rat (Pseudomys australis)

V

V

■

■

Long-Nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus tridactylus)

V

V

■

Water mouse (Xeromys myoides)

V

V

Reptile

■

Long-Legged worm-skink (Anomalopus mackayi)

E

V

■

Grey snake (Hemiaspis damelii)

E

■

Collared delma (Delma torquata)

V

V

■

■

■

■

■

Three-Toed snake-tooth skink (Coeranoscincus reticulatus)

V,P

V

■

■

■

■

■

White-Crowned snake (Cacophis harriettae)

V,P

■

■

■

■

■

Pale-Headed snake (Hoplocephalus bitorquatus)

V,P

■

■

■

■

Stephens’ banded snake (Hoplocephalus stephensii)

V

E

Insect

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■

■

Richmond birdwing butterfly (Ornithoptera richmondia)

V

■

Giant dragonfly (Petalura gigantea)

E

■

■

Coastal petaltail (Petalura litorea)

E

■

Atlas rainforest ground-beetle (Nurus atlas)

E

■

Shorter rainforest ground-beetle (Nurus brevis)

E

■

■

Australian fritillary (Argyreus hyperbius inconstans)

E

■

Bulloak jewel (Hypochrysops piceata)

E

■

■

Illidge’s ant-blue (Acrodipsas illidgei)

V

■

Pale imperial hairstreak (Jalmenus eubulus)

V

Plants

(only nationally endangered)

■

Dwarf heath casuarina (Allocasuarina defungens)

E,P

E

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■

Hairy melichrus (Melichrus hirsutus)

E,P

E

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■

Rupp’s wattle (Acacia ruppii)

E,P

E

■

■

■

■

■

■

Nightcap plectranthus (Plectranthus nitidus)

E,P

E

■

■

Creek triplarina (Triplarina imbricata)

E,P

E

■

■

■

Scented acronychia (Acronychia littoralis)

E,P

E

■

■

Moonee quassia (Quassia sp. Mooney Creek)

E,P

E

■

■

■

Native jute (Corchorus cunninghamii)

E,P

E

■

White-flowered wax plant (Cynanchum elegans)

E,P

E

■

■

■

Ripple-leaf muttonwood (Myrsine richmondensis)

E,P

E

■

■

■

■

Southern ochrosia (Ochrosia moorei)

E,P

E

■

■

■

Cryptic forest twiner (Tylophora woollsii)

E,P

E

■

Isoglossa (Isoglossa eranthemoides)

E,P

E

■

Smooth davidson’s plum (Davidsonia johnsonii)

E,P

E

■

■

Red-fruited ebony (Diospyros mabacea)

E,P

E

■

Crystal creek walnut (Endiandra floydii)

E,P

E

■

■

(Amyema plicatula)

E,P

E

■

■

■

Sweet myrtle (Gossia fragrantissima)

E,P

E

■

Peach myrtle (Uromyrtus australis)

E,P

E

■

■

Spiny gardenia (Randia moorei)

E,P

E

■

■

■

Small-leaved tamarind (Diploglottis campbellii)

E,P

E

■

Narrow-leaf melichrus (Melichrus sp. Gibberagee)

E,P

E

■

Nightcap oak (Eidothea hardeniana)

CE

■

■

Davidson's plum (Davidsonia jerseyana)

E

■

■

Southern swamp orchid (Phaius australis)

E

■

Lady tankerville’s swamp orchid (Phaius tancarvilleae)

E

■

Banyabba shiny-barked gum (Eucalyptus pachycalyx subsp. banyabba)

E,P

E

■

Beadle’s grevillea (Grevillea beadleana)

E,P

E

■

■

Mason’s grevillea (Grevillea masonii)

E,P

E

■

Minyon quandong (Elaeocarpus sp. Rocky Creek)

E,P

E

■

Hairy quandong (Elaeocarpus williamsianus)

E,P

E

■

(Notelaea ipsviciensis)

E

CE

■

(Phebalium distans)

E

CE

■

(Cossinia australiana)

E

E

■

■

(Planchonella eerwah)

E

E

■

(Plectranthus habrophyllus)

E

E

■

(Gossia gonoclada)

E

E

■

(Leucopogon sp. Coolmunda D.Halford Q1635)

E

E

■

Swamp daisy (Olearia hygrophila)

E

E

Gastropod

■

Mitchell’s rainforest snail (Thersites mitchellae)

E

CE

Amphibian

■

■

Green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea)

E

V

■

Stuttering frog (Mixophyes balbus)

E

V

■

■

■

■

Fleay’s barred frog (Mixophyes fleayi)

E

E

■

Mountain frog (Philoria kundagungan)

E

■

Loveridge’s frog (Philoria loveridgei)

E

■

(Philoria richmondensis)

E

■

■

■

■

■

■

Giant barred frog (Mixophyes iterates)

E

E

■

Wallum sedgefrog (Litoria olongburensis)

V

V

■

■

Wallum rocketfrog (Litoria freycineti)

V

■

Cascade treefrog (Litoria pearsoniana)

V

■

■

■

■

■

■

Tusked frog (Adelotus brevis)

V

Fish

■

■

■

Oxleyan pygmy perch (Nannoperca oxleyana)

E

E

■

Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii)

V

■

■

■

Eastern freshwater cod (Maccullochella ikei)

E

E

■

■

Purple-spotted gudgeon (Mogurnda adspersa)

E

■

Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri)

V